Literally 10 Phrases to Know

And some bonus content

This is an entry in the Saturday series of Timeless & Timely called “Off the Clock,” for paying subscribers. This is where we focus on words, a quirk of history or literature, or something just plain fun.

Tamaca Palms by Frederic Edwin Church, 1854 (Wikipedia - public domain)

If you’ve spent any time interacting with any humans in recent years — particularly those who skew youngish — you will have undoubtedly heard them use the word “literally.”

Such as describing their reaction to a situation by saying, “I was literally dead.”

And you, as word nerd that you are, reflexively cringed (is there another reaction when you realize it?) at this unironic use of the word (the use of “ironic” is a topic for another day).

If someone was literally dead, then alert the media, for you have a latter-day Lazarus on your hands.

As you already surmised, dear reader, they meant “figuratively.”

But have you ever heard someone say, “I was figuratively dead”?

I didn’t think so.

In Dreyer’s English, Benjamin Dreyer  has the following to say about “literally”:

“A respectable word that has been distorted into the Intensifier from Hell. No, you did not literally die laughing. No, I don’t care that all your cool friends use “literally” thus. If all your cool friends literally jumped off the Empire State Building, would you?”*

*I have now officially become my mother.

In case you missed it, Benjamin Dreyer was our latest guest on the Timeless Leadership podcast.

As much as we throw around the L word (no, not the Showtime series), it’s worth exploring some literally literal words.

That is, the literal meaning of foreign words that have been integrated into English. For example, when a Japanese samurai practices the ritual suicide by sword called hara kiri, it is literally a “belly cut.”

When someone is issued a subpoena, it must be obeyed “under penalty.”

And an orangutan is Malay for “man of the woods.”

Here are some other common foreign phrases that have made their way into the English language, and their literal meanings. And stay tuned later on: there’s bonus content you literally won’t want to miss.

A cappela 

Italian: Sung without instrumental accompaniment (literally ‘in chapel style’)

Carte blanche 

French: Complete freedom to act as one wishes (literally ‘blank paper’)

Cognoscenti

Italian: People who are well informed about something (literally ‘people who know’)

Déjà vu

French: The sense of having experienced the present situation before (literally ‘already seen’)

Éminence grise

French:  A person who has power or influence without holding an official position (literally ‘grey eminence’)

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Who Is Your Éminence Grise?

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Faux pas

French: An embarrassing blunder or indiscretion (literally ‘false step’)

Non sequitur

Latin: A conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous statement (literally ‘it does not follow’)

Quid pro quo

Latin: A favor or advantage given in return for something (literally ‘something for something’)

Savoir faire

French: The ability to act appropriately in social situations (literally ‘know how to do’)

Zeitgeist

German: The characteristic spirit or mood of a particular historical period (literally ‘time spirit’)

And there we have it! Literally ten phrases and their literal meanings.

Bonus

And now here’s that bonus content I promised.